[NukeNet] [no-new-nukes-yall] Re: More on PU Shortage and NASA Missions
Kay Cumbow
kcumbow at greatlakes.net
Mon Mar 10 09:01:59 EDT 2008
I appreciate this critical clarification, Roger, Jack and Jeanine. - Kay
From: Felice & Jack Cohen-Joppa <nukeresister at igc.org>
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Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2008 21:29:02 -0700
X-ASG-Orig-Subj: [no-new-nukes-yall] Re: More on PU Shortage and
NASA Missions
Just for the sake of clarity, the Pu-238 used for thermoelectric generators
is not the isotope used in weapons, and in fact is uncommon among the Pu
isotopes, as it is not among the isotopes in waste from nuclear reactors
and is cumbersome to produce and isolate: following is from the Wikipedia
page:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-238
"Plutonium 238, is a radioactive isotope of plutonium with a half-life of
87.7 years and is a very powerful alpha emitter. Because of its high level
of alpha activity, it is used for radioisotope thermoelectric generators
and radioisotope heater units. The use of plutonium-238 in American and
Russian (and old Soviet Union) spacecraft is somewhat controversial.
"Plutonium-238 was the first isotope of plutonium to be discovered. It was
synthesized by Glenn Seaborg and associates in 1941 by bombarding
uranium-238 with deuterons. Neptunium-238 is made as an intermediate
product, which then decays to form plutonium-238. Plutonium-238 decays to
Uranium-234 and then further along the radium series to Lead-206.
"Today, Plutonium 238 is usually prepared by the irradiation of neptunium
237, a minor actinide produced in nuclear reactors, that can be recovered
from spent nuclear fuel during reprocessing, or by the irradiation of
americium in a reactor. In both cases, the targets are subjected to a
chemical treatment, including dissolution in nitric acid to extract the
plutonium-238. A 100kg sample of light water reactor fuel that has been
irradiated for three years contains only about 700 grams of neptunium 237,
and the neptunium must be extracted selectively.
"The United States currently has limited facilities to produce
plutonium-238. Since 1993, the U.S. has purchased all of the plutonium-238
it has used in space probes from Russia. 16.5 kilograms total have been
purchased.[1]"
Jack
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